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Allopurinol Patient Handbook: A Singapore Guide to Understanding and Managing Gout

Let's explore Allopurinol, a key medication used in Singapore to manage gout. This handbook explains its purpose, how it works, and what you can expect during treatment, with a focus on practical insights for Singaporean patients.

What is Allopurinol

Allopurinol is a medication primarily used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. Elevated uric acid can lead to gout, a painful form of arthritis. Manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies, including names like Aspen and Mylan, Allopurinol has been a cornerstone in gout management since its introduction in the 1960s. In Singapore, where gout affects a notable portion of the adult population, understanding Allopurinol's role is essential for effective symptom management and prevention of future flare-ups. It’s not a pain reliever for acute attacks, but rather a preventative treatment.

What Conditions Require Allopurinol?

Allopurinol is mainly prescribed for individuals with hyperuricemia, a condition characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood. This often leads to gout, causing sudden and severe joint pain, most commonly in the big toe. In Singapore, studies show that gout is more prevalent among older men and those with certain lifestyle factors like diet and alcohol consumption. Allopurinol is also used to manage uric acid levels in people undergoing chemotherapy, preventing kidney damage from rapid cell breakdown. For example, someone undergoing cancer treatment might take Allopurinol to protect their kidneys.

What Medication Groups Include Allopurinol?

Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This means it works by blocking xanthine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for producing uric acid in the body. Unlike pain relievers that only address the symptoms, Allopurinol tackles the underlying cause of gout by reducing uric acid production. Different manufacturers may offer Allopurinol under various brand names, but the active compound, Allopurinol, remains the same. It's often used in conjunction with other arthritis medications but serves a distinct purpose compared to, say, NSAIDs or corticosteroids.

Who May Benefit from Allopurinol Medication?

Individuals who experience recurrent gout attacks or have persistently high uric acid levels, even without active symptoms, often benefit from Allopurinol. This is particularly true for those with kidney stones caused by uric acid or those undergoing medical treatments that increase uric acid production. In Singapore, where a diet rich in seafood and meat can contribute to gout, Allopurinol provides a valuable long-term management option. Furthermore, studies suggest that starting Allopurinol early in the course of gout can prevent joint damage and improve overall quality of life, especially for those with comorbidities like diabetes or hypertension.

Drug Interactions and Contraindications of Allopurinol

Before starting Allopurinol, it's crucial to be aware of potential drug interactions and contraindications. Allopurinol can interact with several medications, affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

Drug interactions

• Blood thinners (e.g., Warfarin): Allopurinol can increase the effects of blood thinners, potentially leading to excessive bleeding. Regular monitoring of blood clotting times is essential.
• Certain antibiotics (e.g., Ampicillin, Amoxicillin): Taking these antibiotics with Allopurinol may increase the risk of skin rashes.
• ACE inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril, Lisinopril): Combining ACE inhibitors with Allopurinol may increase the risk of hypersensitivity reactions.
• Thiazide diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlorothiazide): These diuretics can increase uric acid levels, counteracting the effects of Allopurinol.
• Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine: Allopurinol significantly increases the concentration of these drugs, requiring dosage adjustment.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known allergy to Allopurinol or any of its ingredients should not take this medication.
• Acute Gout Attack: Allopurinol should not be initiated during an acute gout attack, as it can worsen symptoms. Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications are preferred during an acute flare-up.
• Severe Kidney Disease: Individuals with severe kidney impairment may require a lower dose or should avoid Allopurinol altogether, as the medication is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.

Precautions

• Liver Disease: Patients with liver problems should use Allopurinol with caution, as it can affect liver function.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of Allopurinol during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor.

It's vital to inform your doctor about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions. Regular monitoring of kidney and liver function is also recommended while on Allopurinol.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Allopurinol

Like all medications, Allopurinol can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Understanding these potential effects can help you manage your treatment effectively.

Rare side effects

• Severe skin reactions: These include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which cause blistering and peeling of the skin. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash, fever, or flu-like symptoms.
• Liver problems: Rarely, Allopurinol can cause liver damage. Symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and abdominal pain.
• Bone marrow suppression: This can lead to a decrease in blood cells, increasing the risk of infection and bleeding.

Common side effects

• Skin rash: A mild skin rash is one of the more common side effects. It's important to report any rash to your doctor, as it could be a sign of a more serious reaction.
• Gout flare-ups: Surprisingly, Allopurinol can initially trigger gout attacks as uric acid levels fluctuate. Your doctor may prescribe other medications to manage these flare-ups.
• Stomach upset: Nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain can occur. Taking Allopurinol with food may help reduce these symptoms.

Serious side effects

• Hypersensitivity syndrome: This severe allergic reaction involves fever, rash, and organ inflammation (e.g., liver, kidneys). It requires immediate medical attention.
• Kidney problems: Although Allopurinol is used to protect the kidneys in some cases, it can also cause kidney problems in rare instances.

It's crucial to report any unusual or concerning symptoms to your doctor while taking Allopurinol. Regular blood tests can help monitor for potential side effects and ensure the medication is working effectively.

Actions for Missed Dose and Overdose

Missed Dose: If you miss a dose of Allopurinol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Missing doses can lead to fluctuations in uric acid levels, potentially triggering gout attacks. Set reminders to help you remember to take your medication regularly.

Overdose: An overdose of Allopurinol can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. In rare cases, more serious effects like kidney problems or seizures can occur. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Bring the medication packaging with you so healthcare professionals can assess the situation accurately.

Patient Adherence and Compliance with Allopurinol

Taking Allopurinol consistently as prescribed is vital for managing gout and preventing future attacks. However, it's not always easy to stick to a medication regimen. Here are some strategies to improve adherence:

• Understand the benefits: Educate yourself about how Allopurinol works and why it's important for your health. Knowledge is a powerful motivator.
• Establish a routine: Take Allopurinol at the same time each day, ideally with a meal to minimize stomach upset.
• Use reminders: Set alarms on your phone or use a pill organizer to help you remember to take your medication.
• Address side effects: If you experience side effects, talk to your doctor. They may be able to adjust your dose or prescribe other medications to manage the side effects. Don't stop taking Allopurinol without consulting your doctor first.
• Communicate with your healthcare team: Regular check-ups allow your doctor to monitor your progress and address any concerns you may have.
• Involve family and friends: Ask for support from your loved ones. They can help remind you to take your medication and encourage you to stay on track.

Remember, Allopurinol is a long-term medication. Consistent adherence is key to achieving the best possible outcomes and preventing the debilitating effects of gout.

Allopurinol Generic Alternatives in Singapore

In Singapore, both brand-name and generic versions of Allopurinol are available. Generic Allopurinol contains the same active ingredient as the brand-name version and is just as effective. However, generic medications are typically more affordable. Here’s a comparison:

The choice between brand-name and generic Allopurinol often comes down to cost. If you're concerned about the cost of your medication, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about generic alternatives. They can help you find a safe and effective option that fits your budget. In Singapore, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) ensures that all medications, including generics, meet strict quality standards.

Purchasing Allopurinol Online in Singapore

Is Allopurinol Accessible in Singapore?

Yes, you can order Allopurinol in Singapore with a valid prescription issued by a authorized healthcare provider or through a reliable online pharmacy. We also offer an automated prescription service to simplify access. Our platform complies with Singapore's regulations while offering budget-friendly options for both branded and generic medications. With our service, you can get quality treatments securely and without delays.

Steps to Order Allopurinol Legally and Affordably in Singapore

Buying Allopurinol through our pharmacy is secure. Select the required dosage and quantity, add it to your cart, and proceed to checkout—or add more medications before completing your order. A prescription is not needed from you, as our overseas partner will issue it. This ensures that your medication is delivered directly, discreetly packaged, and compliant with government regulations.

Can I Import Allopurinol into Singapore?

Importing Allopurinol for personal use in Singapore is allowed under government guidelines. Our pharmacy ensures all orders meet the required criteria, including valid overseas prescriptions and approved quantities. Choose from reliable generic alternatives or affordable branded versions, all delivered discreetly and safely.

Ways to Save Money on Allopurinol in Singapore

• Opt for generic alternatives like Allopurinol for similar therapeutic effects at a cheaper price.
• Compare prices and trust our pharmacy for reasonable rates and quality assurance.
• Benefit from special discounts and unique savings through our platform.

Reordering Your Allopurinol Prescription in Singapore

Renewing your prescription with us is simple and convenient. Use your account to enjoy loyalty discounts of 10% on every refill, making your treatment more affordable. Our user-friendly platform ensures you can reorder with ease whenever needed.

Reasons Customers Prefer Our Online Pharmacy

Our service is created to meet the needs of customers in Singapore. We comply with all government import regulations, ensuring reliable and prompt delivery across major cities in Singapore (e.g., Singapore, Woodlands, Tampines, Yishun, Jurong). We prioritize privacy and our quality assurance guarantees high-quality medications. We offer wide delivery coverage across Asia so you can get your treatments wherever you are. Trust us for trusted medications, exceptional privacy, and personalized support.

FAQ

Can I drink alcohol while taking Allopurinol?

While Allopurinol helps manage gout, alcohol, especially beer and spirits, can increase uric acid levels and trigger gout attacks. It's best to limit or avoid alcohol consumption to improve the effectiveness of your treatment.

How long does it take for Allopurinol to start working?

Allopurinol isn't a quick fix. It typically takes two to three weeks to start lowering uric acid levels, and several months to achieve its full effect. Don't expect immediate relief; consistency is key.

What should I do if I experience a gout flare-up while taking Allopurinol?

Continue taking Allopurinol as prescribed. Your doctor may recommend additional medications, such as NSAIDs or colchicine, to manage the flare-up while Allopurinol starts to work.

Can I stop taking Allopurinol once my gout symptoms improve?

No, stopping Allopurinol abruptly can cause uric acid levels to spike and trigger a gout attack. Allopurinol is a long-term medication, and you should continue taking it as prescribed, even when you're feeling better.

Are there any dietary changes I should make while taking Allopurinol?

Yes, limiting foods high in purines, such as red meat, seafood, and organ meats, can help lower uric acid levels and reduce the risk of gout attacks. Staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial.

Does Allopurinol affect my kidney function?

Allopurinol is generally safe for people with normal kidney function, but it can affect kidney function in rare cases. Your doctor will monitor your kidney function with regular blood tests.

Can I take Allopurinol if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

The safety of Allopurinol during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits.

What happens if I take too much Allopurinol?

An overdose of Allopurinol can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Seek medical attention immediately if you suspect an overdose.

Does Allopurinol interact with any other medications?

Yes, Allopurinol can interact with several medications. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Will Allopurinol cure my gout?

Allopurinol does not cure gout, but it can effectively manage the condition by lowering uric acid levels and preventing future attacks. It's a long-term treatment that requires consistent adherence.

Glossary

Hyperuricemia

A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood, often leading to gout.

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

A class of drugs, including Allopurinol, that reduces uric acid production by blocking the xanthine oxidase enzyme.

Gout Flare-up

A sudden and severe attack of joint pain, redness, and swelling caused by uric acid crystal deposits.

Allopurinol Patient Handbook: A Singapore Guide to Understanding and Managing Gout

Let's explore Allopurinol, a key medication used in Singapore to manage gout. This handbook explains its purpose, how it works, and what you can expect during treatment, with a focus on practical insights for Singaporean patients.

What is Allopurinol

Allopurinol is a medication primarily used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. Elevated uric acid can lead to gout, a painful form of arthritis. Manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies, including names like Aspen and Mylan, Allopurinol has been a cornerstone in gout management since its introduction in the 1960s. In Singapore, where gout affects a notable portion of the adult population, understanding Allopurinol's role is essential for effective symptom management and prevention of future flare-ups. It’s not a pain reliever for acute attacks, but rather a preventative treatment.

What Conditions Require Allopurinol?

Allopurinol is mainly prescribed for individuals with hyperuricemia, a condition characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood. This often leads to gout, causing sudden and severe joint pain, most commonly in the big toe. In Singapore, studies show that gout is more prevalent among older men and those with certain lifestyle factors like diet and alcohol consumption. Allopurinol is also used to manage uric acid levels in people undergoing chemotherapy, preventing kidney damage from rapid cell breakdown. For example, someone undergoing cancer treatment might take Allopurinol to protect their kidneys.

What Medication Groups Include Allopurinol?

Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This means it works by blocking xanthine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for producing uric acid in the body. Unlike pain relievers that only address the symptoms, Allopurinol tackles the underlying cause of gout by reducing uric acid production. Different manufacturers may offer Allopurinol under various brand names, but the active compound, Allopurinol, remains the same. It's often used in conjunction with other arthritis medications but serves a distinct purpose compared to, say, NSAIDs or corticosteroids.

Who May Benefit from Allopurinol Medication?

Individuals who experience recurrent gout attacks or have persistently high uric acid levels, even without active symptoms, often benefit from Allopurinol. This is particularly true for those with kidney stones caused by uric acid or those undergoing medical treatments that increase uric acid production. In Singapore, where a diet rich in seafood and meat can contribute to gout, Allopurinol provides a valuable long-term management option. Furthermore, studies suggest that starting Allopurinol early in the course of gout can prevent joint damage and improve overall quality of life, especially for those with comorbidities like diabetes or hypertension.

Drug Interactions and Contraindications of Allopurinol

Before starting Allopurinol, it's crucial to be aware of potential drug interactions and contraindications. Allopurinol can interact with several medications, affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

Drug interactions

• Blood thinners (e.g., Warfarin): Allopurinol can increase the effects of blood thinners, potentially leading to excessive bleeding. Regular monitoring of blood clotting times is essential.
• Certain antibiotics (e.g., Ampicillin, Amoxicillin): Taking these antibiotics with Allopurinol may increase the risk of skin rashes.
• ACE inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril, Lisinopril): Combining ACE inhibitors with Allopurinol may increase the risk of hypersensitivity reactions.
• Thiazide diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlorothiazide): These diuretics can increase uric acid levels, counteracting the effects of Allopurinol.
• Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine: Allopurinol significantly increases the concentration of these drugs, requiring dosage adjustment.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known allergy to Allopurinol or any of its ingredients should not take this medication.
• Acute Gout Attack: Allopurinol should not be initiated during an acute gout attack, as it can worsen symptoms. Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications are preferred during an acute flare-up.
• Severe Kidney Disease: Individuals with severe kidney impairment may require a lower dose or should avoid Allopurinol altogether, as the medication is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.

Precautions

• Liver Disease: Patients with liver problems should use Allopurinol with caution, as it can affect liver function.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of Allopurinol during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor.

It's vital to inform your doctor about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions. Regular monitoring of kidney and liver function is also recommended while on Allopurinol.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Allopurinol

Like all medications, Allopurinol can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Understanding these potential effects can help you manage your treatment effectively.

Rare side effects

• Severe skin reactions: These include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which cause blistering and peeling of the skin. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash, fever, or flu-like symptoms.
• Liver problems: Rarely, Allopurinol can cause liver damage. Symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and abdominal pain.
• Bone marrow suppression: This can lead to a decrease in blood cells, increasing the risk of infection and bleeding.

Common side effects

• Skin rash: A mild skin rash is one of the more common side effects. It's important to report any rash to your doctor, as it could be a sign of a more serious reaction.
• Gout flare-ups: Surprisingly, Allopurinol can initially trigger gout attacks as uric acid levels fluctuate. Your doctor may prescribe other medications to manage these flare-ups.
• Stomach upset: Nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain can occur. Taking Allopurinol with food may help reduce these symptoms.

Serious side effects

• Hypersensitivity syndrome: This severe allergic reaction involves fever, rash, and organ inflammation (e.g., liver, kidneys). It requires immediate medical attention.
• Kidney problems: Although Allopurinol is used to protect the kidneys in some cases, it can also cause kidney problems in rare instances.

It's crucial to report any unusual or concerning symptoms to your doctor while taking Allopurinol. Regular blood tests can help monitor for potential side effects and ensure the medication is working effectively.

Actions for Missed Dose and Overdose

Missed Dose: If you miss a dose of Allopurinol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Missing doses can lead to fluctuations in uric acid levels, potentially triggering gout attacks. Set reminders to help you remember to take your medication regularly.

Overdose: An overdose of Allopurinol can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. In rare cases, more serious effects like kidney problems or seizures can occur. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Bring the medication packaging with you so healthcare professionals can assess the situation accurately.

Patient Adherence and Compliance with Allopurinol

Taking Allopurinol consistently as prescribed is vital for managing gout and preventing future attacks. However, it's not always easy to stick to a medication regimen. Here are some strategies to improve adherence:

• Understand the benefits: Educate yourself about how Allopurinol works and why it's important for your health. Knowledge is a powerful motivator.
• Establish a routine: Take Allopurinol at the same time each day, ideally with a meal to minimize stomach upset.
• Use reminders: Set alarms on your phone or use a pill organizer to help you remember to take your medication.
• Address side effects: If you experience side effects, talk to your doctor. They may be able to adjust your dose or prescribe other medications to manage the side effects. Don't stop taking Allopurinol without consulting your doctor first.
• Communicate with your healthcare team: Regular check-ups allow your doctor to monitor your progress and address any concerns you may have.
• Involve family and friends: Ask for support from your loved ones. They can help remind you to take your medication and encourage you to stay on track.

Remember, Allopurinol is a long-term medication. Consistent adherence is key to achieving the best possible outcomes and preventing the debilitating effects of gout.

Allopurinol Generic Alternatives in Singapore

In Singapore, both brand-name and generic versions of Allopurinol are available. Generic Allopurinol contains the same active ingredient as the brand-name version and is just as effective. However, generic medications are typically more affordable. Here’s a comparison:

The choice between brand-name and generic Allopurinol often comes down to cost. If you're concerned about the cost of your medication, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about generic alternatives. They can help you find a safe and effective option that fits your budget. In Singapore, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) ensures that all medications, including generics, meet strict quality standards.

Purchasing Allopurinol Online in Singapore

Is Allopurinol Accessible in Singapore?

Yes, you can order Allopurinol in Singapore with a valid prescription issued by a authorized healthcare provider or through a reliable online pharmacy. We also offer an automated prescription service to simplify access. Our platform complies with Singapore's regulations while offering budget-friendly options for both branded and generic medications. With our service, you can get quality treatments securely and without delays.

Steps to Order Allopurinol Legally and Affordably in Singapore

Buying Allopurinol through our pharmacy is secure. Select the required dosage and quantity, add it to your cart, and proceed to checkout—or add more medications before completing your order. A prescription is not needed from you, as our overseas partner will issue it. This ensures that your medication is delivered directly, discreetly packaged, and compliant with government regulations.

Can I Import Allopurinol into Singapore?

Importing Allopurinol for personal use in Singapore is allowed under government guidelines. Our pharmacy ensures all orders meet the required criteria, including valid overseas prescriptions and approved quantities. Choose from reliable generic alternatives or affordable branded versions, all delivered discreetly and safely.

Ways to Save Money on Allopurinol in Singapore

• Opt for generic alternatives like Allopurinol for similar therapeutic effects at a cheaper price.
• Compare prices and trust our pharmacy for reasonable rates and quality assurance.
• Benefit from special discounts and unique savings through our platform.

Reordering Your Allopurinol Prescription in Singapore

Renewing your prescription with us is simple and convenient. Use your account to enjoy loyalty discounts of 10% on every refill, making your treatment more affordable. Our user-friendly platform ensures you can reorder with ease whenever needed.

Reasons Customers Prefer Our Online Pharmacy

Our service is created to meet the needs of customers in Singapore. We comply with all government import regulations, ensuring reliable and prompt delivery across major cities in Singapore (e.g., Singapore, Woodlands, Tampines, Yishun, Jurong). We prioritize privacy and our quality assurance guarantees high-quality medications. We offer wide delivery coverage across Asia so you can get your treatments wherever you are. Trust us for trusted medications, exceptional privacy, and personalized support.

FAQ

Can I drink alcohol while taking Allopurinol?

While Allopurinol helps manage gout, alcohol, especially beer and spirits, can increase uric acid levels and trigger gout attacks. It's best to limit or avoid alcohol consumption to improve the effectiveness of your treatment.

How long does it take for Allopurinol to start working?

Allopurinol isn't a quick fix. It typically takes two to three weeks to start lowering uric acid levels, and several months to achieve its full effect. Don't expect immediate relief; consistency is key.

What should I do if I experience a gout flare-up while taking Allopurinol?

Continue taking Allopurinol as prescribed. Your doctor may recommend additional medications, such as NSAIDs or colchicine, to manage the flare-up while Allopurinol starts to work.

Can I stop taking Allopurinol once my gout symptoms improve?

No, stopping Allopurinol abruptly can cause uric acid levels to spike and trigger a gout attack. Allopurinol is a long-term medication, and you should continue taking it as prescribed, even when you're feeling better.

Are there any dietary changes I should make while taking Allopurinol?

Yes, limiting foods high in purines, such as red meat, seafood, and organ meats, can help lower uric acid levels and reduce the risk of gout attacks. Staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial.

Does Allopurinol affect my kidney function?

Allopurinol is generally safe for people with normal kidney function, but it can affect kidney function in rare cases. Your doctor will monitor your kidney function with regular blood tests.

Can I take Allopurinol if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

The safety of Allopurinol during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits.

What happens if I take too much Allopurinol?

An overdose of Allopurinol can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Seek medical attention immediately if you suspect an overdose.

Does Allopurinol interact with any other medications?

Yes, Allopurinol can interact with several medications. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Will Allopurinol cure my gout?

Allopurinol does not cure gout, but it can effectively manage the condition by lowering uric acid levels and preventing future attacks. It's a long-term treatment that requires consistent adherence.

Glossary

Hyperuricemia

A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood, often leading to gout.

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

A class of drugs, including Allopurinol, that reduces uric acid production by blocking the xanthine oxidase enzyme.

Gout Flare-up

A sudden and severe attack of joint pain, redness, and swelling caused by uric acid crystal deposits.